这篇文章主要讲解了“JDK的TreeMap怎么实现”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“JDK的TreeMap怎么实现”吧!

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TreeMap的实现也是利用的红黑树,我们来看代码:
在TreeMap中包含着一个根结点:
- private transient Entry - root = null; 
这个Entry代码如下:
- static final class Entry - implements Map.Entry - { 
- K key; 
- V value; 
- //指向小儿子 
- Entry - left = null; 
- //指向大儿子 
- Entry - right = null; 
- //指向父亲 
- Entry - parent; 
- //颜色默认为黑色 
- boolean color = BLACK; 
- Entry(K key, V value, Entry - parent) { 
- this.key = key; 
- this.value = value; 
- this.parent = parent; 
- } 
- public K getKey() { 
- return key; 
- } 
- public V getValue() { 
- return value; 
- } 
- public V setValue(V value) { 
- V oldValue = this.value; 
- this.value = value; 
- return oldValue; 
- } 
- public boolean equals(Object o) { 
- if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) 
- return false; 
- Map.Entry,?> e = (Map.Entry,?>)o; 
- return valEquals(key,e.getKey()) && valEquals(value,e.getValue()); 
- } 
- public int hashCode() { 
- int keyHash = (key==null ? 0 : key.hashCode()); 
- int valueHash = (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode()); 
- return keyHash ^ valueHash; 
- } 
- public String toString() { 
- return key + "=" + value; 
- } 
- } 
废话不多说,我们来看一下他的插入实现:
- public V put(K key, V value) { 
- Entry - t = root; 
- //如果树是空树 
- if (t == null) { 
- //那么树根节点就是节点 
- root = new Entry - (key, value, null); 
- size = 1; 
- modCount++; 
- return null; 
- } 
- int cmp; 
- Entry - parent; 
- //否则利用提供的比较器进行比较 
- Comparator super K> cpr = comparator; 
- if (cpr != null) { 
- do { 
- parent = t; 
- cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key); 
- //如果比当前节点小, 
- if (cmp < 0) 
- //往小儿子递归 
- t = t.left; 
- else if (cmp > 0) 
- //往大儿子递归 
- t = t.right; 
- else 
- //如果已经有这个key,那么修改key,并且什么都可以 不修改了 
- return t.setValue(value); 
- } while (t != null); //知道找到叶子节点; 
- } 
- else { 
- if (key == null) 
- throw new NullPointerException(); 
- //如果没有提供外部的比较器,那么就利用内置的比较器 
- Comparable super K> k = (Comparable super K>) key; 
- do { 
- parent = t; 
- cmp = k.compareTo(t.key); 
- if (cmp < 0) 
- t = t.left; 
- else if (cmp > 0) 
- t = t.right; 
- else 
- return t.setValue(value); 
- } while (t != null); 
- } 
- //生成一个叶子节点,准备进行加入 
- Entry - e = new Entry - (key, value, parent); 
- //利用最后的判断,将这个节点变成该叶子节点的儿子; 
- if (cmp < 0) 
- parent.left = e; 
- else 
- parent.right = e; 
- //由于有可能破坏了红黑树的规则,现在进行调整; 
- fixAfterInsertion(e); 
- size++; 
- modCount++; 
- return null; 
- } 
- private void fixAfterInsertion(Entry - x) { 
- //首先将该新增节点染红,叶子节点(null)是黑色的; 
- x.color = RED; 
- //如果他的父亲是红色的,那么冲突开始; 
- while (x != null && x != root && x.parent.color == RED) { 
- //如果是左子数; 
- if (parentOf(x) == leftOf(parentOf(parentOf(x)))) { 
- Entry - y = rightOf(parentOf(parentOf(x))); 
- //如果其兄弟是红色的,那么根据上一节的分析,将两兄弟都变成黑色,其父节点变红,这样黑色节点的数目没有发生变化,而我们距离跟更近一步; 
- if (colorOf(y) == RED) { 
- setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK); 
- setColor(y, BLACK); 
- setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED); 
- x = parentOf(parentOf(x)); 
- } else { 
- //兄弟为黑色 
- if (x == rightOf(parentOf(x))) { 
- x = parentOf(x); 
- rotateLeft(x); 
- } 
- setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK); 
- setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED); 
- rotateRight(parentOf(parentOf(x))); 
- } 
- //如果是右子数,正好与上面相反; 
- } else { 
- Entry - y = leftOf(parentOf(parentOf(x))); 
- if (colorOf(y) == RED) { 
- setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK); 
- setColor(y, BLACK); 
- setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED); 
- x = parentOf(parentOf(x)); 
- } else { 
- if (x == leftOf(parentOf(x))) { 
- x = parentOf(x); 
- rotateRight(x); 
- } 
- setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK); 
- setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED); 
- rotateLeft(parentOf(parentOf(x))); 
- } 
- } 
- } 
- //冲突会一直追溯到跟,把跟染黑,不违背根节点是黑色的特性,并且使得所有的树枝的黑色节点因此加1,冲突解决; 
- root.color = BLACK; 
- } 
看完了增加,我们再来看看删除
- public V remove(Object key) { 
- //查找到该节点 
- Entry - p = getEntry(key); 
- //不存在则结束 
- if (p == null) 
- return null; 
- V oldValue = p.value; 
- //删除 
- deleteEntry(p); 
- //返回原值 
- return oldValue; 
- } 
查找该节点:
- final Entry - getEntry(Object key) { 
- if (comparator != null) 
- //利用外部比较器 
- return getEntryUsingComparator(key); 
- if (key == null) 
- throw new NullPointerException(); 
- //内置比较器 
- Comparable super K> k = (Comparable super K>) key; 
- Entry - p = root; 
- while (p != null) { 
- int cmp = k.compareTo(p.key); 
- if (cmp < 0) 
- p = p.left; 
- else if (cmp > 0) 
- p = p.right; 
- else 
- return p; 
- } 
- return null; 
- } 
外部比较器查找节点:
- final Entry - getEntryUsingComparator(Object key) { 
- K k = (K) key; 
- Comparator super K> cpr = comparator; 
- if (cpr != null) { 
- Entry - p = root; 
- while (p != null) { 
- int cmp = cpr.compare(k, p.key); 
- if (cmp < 0) 
- p = p.left; 
- else if (cmp > 0) 
- p = p.right; 
- else 
- return p; 
- } 
- } 
- return null; 
- } 
删除操作:
- private void deleteEntry(Entry - p) { 
- modCount++; 
- size--; 
- //如果删除的节点有两个子节点; 
- if (p.left != null && p.right != null) { 
- Entry - s = successor (p); 
- p.key = s.key; 
- p.value = s.value; 
- p = s; 
- } 
- //两个子节点的删除转化为了一个子节点的删除 
- //进行一个子节点的删除操作; 
- Entry - replacement = (p.left != null ? p.left : p.right); 
- //如果有一个以上的节点;重新接上树枝; 
- if (replacement != null) { 
- replacement.parent = p.parent; 
- if (p.parent == null) 
- root = replacement; 
- else if (p == p.parent.left) 
- p.parent.left = replacement; 
- else 
- p.parent.right = replacement; 
- p.left = p.right = p.parent = null; 
- //如果删除位置的新节点是黑色的,那么会少一个黑节点,调整 
- if (p.color == BLACK) 
- //调整新的节点,即删除节点的子节点; 
- fixAfterDeletion(replacement); 
- } else if (p.parent == null) { // return if we are the only node. 
- root = null; 
- } else { 
- //如果没有子节点 
- //红色的节点要可以直接删除,黑色的话,必须要经过调整; 
- if (p.color == BLACK) 
- fixAfterDeletion(p); 
- //删除操作; 
- if (p.parent != null) { 
- if (p == p.parent.left) 
- p.parent.left = null; 
- else if (p == p.parent.right) 
- p.parent.right = null; 
- p.parent = null; 
- } 
- } 
- } 
删除后的调整:
- private void fixAfterDeletion(Entry - x) { 
- // 如果节点是黑色的;那么要经过调整,如果是红色的,可以直接修改成为黑色的,结束循环; 
- while (x != root && colorOf(x) == BLACK) 
- // 判断被删除节点是左子树; 
- if (x == leftOf(parentOf(x))) { 
- // 获得兄弟节点; 
- Entry - sib = rightOf(parentOf(x)); 
- //兄弟节点是红色的 
- if (colorOf(sib) == RED) { 
- setColor(sib, BLACK); 
- setColor(parentOf(x), RED); 
- //开始旋转 
- rotateLeft(parentOf(x)); 
- // 得到旋转后的新的兄弟节点;这个时候是黑色的 
- sib = rightOf(parentOf(x)); 
- } 
- //判断侄子的颜色;如果两个都是黑色的 
- if (colorOf(leftOf(sib)) == BLACK && 
- colorOf(rightOf(sib)) == BLACK) { 
- setColor(sib, RED); 
- x = parentOf(x); 
- } else { 
- // 只有一个是黑色的 
- // 如果是黑色的那个侄子位置不对,那么经过一次转换; 
- if (colorOf(rightOf(sib)) == BLACK) { 
- setColor(leftOf(sib), BLACK); 
- setColor(sib, RED); 
- rotateRight(sib); 
- sib = rightOf(parentOf(x)); 
- } 
- setColor(sib, colorOf(parentOf(x))); 
- setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK); 
- setColor(rightOf(sib), BLACK); 
- rotateLeft(parentOf(x)); 
- x = root; 
- } 
- } else { 
- Entry - sib = leftOf(parentOf(x)); 
- if (colorOf(sib) == RED) { 
- setColor(sib, BLACK); 
- setColor(parentOf(x), RED); 
- rotateRight(parentOf(x)); 
- sib = leftOf(parentOf(x)); 
- } 
- if (colorOf(rightOf(sib)) == BLACK && 
- colorOf(leftOf(sib)) == BLACK) { 
- setColor(sib, RED); 
- x = parentOf(x); 
- } else { 
- if (colorOf(leftOf(sib)) == BLACK) { 
- setColor(rightOf(sib), BLACK); 
- setColor(sib, RED); 
- rotateLeft(sib); 
- sib = leftOf(parentOf(x)); 
- } 
- setColor(sib, colorOf(parentOf(x))); 
- setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK); 
- setColor(leftOf(sib), BLACK); 
- rotateRight(parentOf(x)); 
- x = root; 
- } 
- } 
- } 
- //如果该节点不是黑色的,或者是根节点,那么把他染黑; 
- setColor(x, BLACK); 
- } 
- static - TreeMap.Entry - successor(Entry - t) { 
- //如果为null,则返回 
- if (t == null) 
- return null; 
- //如果大儿子存在,那么沿着这条路下去,找到其这个枝条中最小的节点 
- else if (t.right != null) { 
- Entry - p = t.right; 
- while (p.left != null) 
- p = p.left; 
- return p; 
- } else { 
- //如果右边子树是空的,那么找到其长辈节点中间第一个大于他的 
- Entry - p = t.parent; 
- Entry - ch = t; 
- while (p != null && ch == p.right) { 
- ch = p; 
- p = p.parent; 
- } 
- return p; 
- } 
- } 
我们再来看一下我们在获取其集合的时候的顺序:
- static final class KeySet - extends AbstractSet - implements NavigableSet - { 
- private final NavigableMap - m; 
- KeySet(NavigableMap - map) { m = map; } 
- public Iterator - iterator() { 
- if (m instanceof TreeMap) 
- return ((TreeMap - )m).keyIterator(); 
- else 
- return (Iterator - )(((TreeMap.NavigableSubMap)m).keyIterator()); 
- } 
- public Iterator - descendingIterator() { 
- if (m instanceof TreeMap) 
- return ((TreeMap - )m).descendingKeyIterator(); 
- else 
- return (Iterator - )(((TreeMap.NavigableSubMap)m).descendingKeyIterator()); 
- } 
- public int size() { return m.size(); } 
- public boolean isEmpty() { return m.isEmpty(); } 
- public boolean contains(Object o) { return m.containsKey(o); } 
- public void clear() { m.clear(); } 
- public E lower(E e) { return m.lowerKey(e); } 
- public E floor(E e) { return m.floorKey(e); } 
- public E ceiling(E e) { return m.ceilingKey(e); } 
- public E higher(E e) { return m.higherKey(e); } 
- public E first() { return m.firstKey(); } 
- public E last() { return m.lastKey(); } 
- public Comparator super E> comparator() { return m.comparator(); } 
- public E pollFirst() { 
- Map.Entry - e = m.pollFirstEntry(); 
- return e == null? null : e.getKey(); 
- } 
- public E pollLast() { 
- Map.Entry - e = m.pollLastEntry(); 
- return e == null? null : e.getKey(); 
- } 
- public boolean remove(Object o) { 
- int oldSize = size(); 
- m.remove(o); 
- return size() != oldSize; 
- } 
- public NavigableSet - subSet(E fromElement, boolean fromInclusive, 
- E toElement, boolean toInclusive) { 
- return new TreeSet - (m.subMap(fromElement, fromInclusive, 
- toElement, toInclusive)); 
- } 
- public NavigableSet - headSet(E toElement, boolean inclusive) { 
- return new TreeSet - (m.headMap(toElement, inclusive)); 
- } 
- public NavigableSet - tailSet(E fromElement, boolean inclusive) { 
- return new TreeSet - (m.tailMap(fromElement, inclusive)); 
- } 
- public SortedSet - subSet(E fromElement, E toElement) { 
- return subSet(fromElement, true, toElement, false); 
- } 
- public SortedSet - headSet(E toElement) { 
- return headSet(toElement, false); 
- } 
- public SortedSet - tailSet(E fromElement) { 
- return tailSet(fromElement, true); 
- } 
- public NavigableSet - descendingSet() { 
- return new TreeSet(m.descendingMap()); 
- } 
- } 
这个是返回的set,他的查找排序是利用的迭代模式委托给了迭代器,我们看看他的迭代器实现:
- final class KeyIterator extends PrivateEntryIterator - { 
- KeyIterator(Entry - first) { 
- super(first); 
- } 
- public K next() { 
- return nextEntry().key; 
- } 
- } 
其中获取下一个nextEntry是:
- final Entry - nextEntry() { 
- Entry - e = next; 
- if (e == null) 
- throw new NoSuchElementException(); 
- if (modCount != expectedModCount) 
- throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 
- next = successor(e); 
- lastReturned = e; 
- return e; 
- } 
利用的successvor(),在开始的分析中我们知道,successor的查找,是通过了树的中序遍历的
感谢各位的阅读,以上就是“JDK的TreeMap怎么实现”的内容了,经过本文的学习后,相信大家对JDK的TreeMap怎么实现这一问题有了更深刻的体会,具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是创新互联,小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章,欢迎关注!
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